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- >>Introduction
- objects.rsm>text>
- Introduction to the Dance Demo
-
- Welcome to the `Dance of the Planets' demo. This demonstration version of the
- program will show you a selection of simulations illustrating much of the
- detail and scope of Dance. In the demo you will see:
-
- * 20 selected asteroids and comets. The complete program has over 5500 -
- virtually all numbered asteroids and recorded comets.
- * The nine planets as seen from afar, and closeup views of the Saturn system.
- Of course in the complete program all the planets can be viewed up close.
-
- Date input is inoperative in the demo, but in the complete program it can be
- set from 1,000 BC to AD 10,000. Even with these demo limitations, there is a
- lot to see and do. And in the process you will learn how Dance operates. If
- this is your first time through, just press [Page Down] whenever you are ready
- for the next screen, following the comments and instructions you find there.
-
- So [PgDn] now to proceed with demo. At any time you can also press [Home] to
- see the demo contents and from there, jump directly to a particular simulation.
-
- - Thomas Ligon 11 Nov 1989
-
- >>A Starship Perspective
- SM>0>->100>0.5>-10>270>00000000000000000000>
- On the screen is a familiar sky. The bright star at the center is the Sun, some
- 3 light-days away. Press [o] to see orbits. Adjust the monitor for dark space,
- faint orbits showing. Over 100 stars are on the screen; can you see them? In
- the Control Bar below, note date, ecliptic coordinates and lowest Zoom setting.
-
- >>Basic Viewing Operations
- Space and Earth Viewing Modes.. Basic Viewing Operations
-
- The Space Mode view in the previous screen is from outside the solar system.
- At 1X (next screen), the apparent size of the constellations and orbits are
- much what they would be out a spaceship window, 270 a.u. away from the Sun.
- As you will see later, there is also an `Earth View' selected from the popup
- (main) menu, providing Earth views of orbiting bodies against the starry sky.
-
- Viewing/Operating Options..
- * Speed, magnification (Zoom), Latitude, and longitude (Rotate) are selected
- with hot keys and changed with the cursor keys. Active selections are high-
- lighted & simulation is suspended. Pressing any key will resume simulation.
- * Zoom, Latitude, and Rotate can be changed faster from the popup Menu. Select
- the option, change with the cursor keys, [Enter] to de-select. Then select
- another or [Enter] a second time to exit the menu and resume simulation.
- * SET SPEED TO SUIT. Some of the following simulations will be too fast if the
- coprocessor is present, too slow if it isn't. For accuracy, what is import-
- ant is how many gravitational calculations are performed for the distance
- traveled. So fast settings may be notably less accurate for some objects.
- * Objects on the screen can be labeled by using [I]dentify from the menu.
-
- A quick reference guide to operation is available by pressing [H]elp. Now try
- some of these viewing/operating options on the next screen.
-
- >>The Solar System at 1X
- SM>1>->100>1>-17>270>00000000000000000000>
- THE SOLAR SYSTEM at 1X ** This text can be restored by pressing Enter. *
- Make Zoom active by pressing (Z). Advance to 4X with the Up cursor key. Select
- (M)enu and then (I)dentify to label the planets. Note that Saturn, Uranus and
- Neptune are all in rough alignment. (S)peed up to see orbital motion. [PgDn]
-
- >>From the Earth's Sky
- EM>1>01/01/1990>1000>0.5>-3>270>00000000000000000000>
- AN EARTH PERSPECTIVE ** Orbits should be toggled on.
- The same part of the sky from Earth. Here in the morning sky we'll find a grand
- planet rendezvous in early Feb 1990. Use Menu (I)dentify. Change Speed to suit.
- Note ra/dec coordinates of center cross, Sun with 1hr long rays.
-
- >>Viewing Planets Up Close
- Viewing Planets Up Close
-
- You may Zoom and view the solar system from any angle, but the Sun will always
- be in the center as long as the program is in `Space Mode'. To view a planet up
- close, lock on to the planet by moving the box cursor (which appears when you
- press [T]rack) over the planet and then press [Enter]. The program will then be
- in `Planet Mode' with the planet at the center (the planet's name will be shown
- in the control bar) and you can Zoom up to 32kX. From 270 a.u., the planets are
- all nearly the same distance away, so at a given magnification they will appear
- scaled to each other. When Jupiter is golfball-sized, Earth will be pea-sized.
-
- In the next screen Saturn will already be locked in, so you don't need to do
- the Track operation. You will also see the solar system with all the asteroids
- and comets included with the demo. An interesting sight, but because it takes
- some time for the program to calculate and draw so many orbits, there will be a
- pause any time the screen is changed.
-
- >>Tracking on to Saturn
- Saturn>1>11/16/1989>200>16>-6>300>111111111>11111111111111110000>
- TRACKING ON TO SATURN
- Using [T]rack, Saturn has been locked on for close viewing. Dance is now in
- PLANET MODE. Even at this distance the orbit of Saturn's outer most satellite,
- Phoebe, can be seen. All asteroids/comets included with the demo are shown.
-
- >>Saturn's Satellites
- Saturn>1>07/01/1990>200>1k>0>293>
- SATURN'S MAJOR SATELLITES
- At 1000X from our distant location, Phoebe's orbit is partly off screen. You
- can (I)nvert for north to be down (note north-pointing arrowhead). Identify
- from Menu labels satellites. Zoom up. Press any other key to resume simulation.
-
- >>Saturn Up Close
- Saturn>0>11/16/1989>200>32k>0>343>
- SATURN UP CLOSE Subtle shades and shadows for a nice view. Watch as Titan
- moves up from below. Toggle orbits on/off. (I)dentify the satellites, (R)otate
- to better see the rings. At this time the rings are highly tilted to the Sun,
- so Saturn casts a short shadow on the ring-satellite plane.
-
- >>Comets Revealed
- SM>1>->100>0.5>-13>90>00000000000101110000>
- COMETS REVEALED
- A small comet sampling as seen from afar. Note the two parabolic orbits. Such
- comets, seen only once, may approach from any direction. The orbits of period-
- ic comets Halley and Encke are also present. Zoom up and Identify.
-
- >>Halley Perihelion
- SM>1>10/15/1985>1k>32>-10>330>111110000>00000000000100000000>
- COMET HALLEY PASSING THROUGH PERIHELION ** Set Speed to suit. Orbits on.
- Looking down Halley's long orbit toward the sun. The comet moves north of the
- ecliptic only near perihelion, and plunges south through the ecliptic between
- the orbits of Venus and Earth. Never close to any planet, its orbit is stable.
-
- >>Halley Apparition 123456789012
- EM>1>12/15/1985>1k>0.5>-3>313>111110000>00000000000100000000>
- HALLEY REVISITED - AN EARTH VIEW ** Label objects with menu Identify.
- The 1986 apparition wasn't great; you can see why. Watch while the comet passes
- through perihelion, Feb 8, 1986 (your PC will bleep). Notice the apparent speed
- increase as the comet angles down for its southerly ecliptic plunge.
-
- >>Halley Loops
- EM>1>01/01/1990>10k>0.5>-8>143>111110000>00000000000100000000>
- A LINGERING LOOK AT COMET HALLEY ** Identify from the menu.
- Below Leo you can still find Halley cycling its way to the far reaches of its
- orbit. Such epicycles are due to the parallax caused by the Earth's orbital
- revolution. Watch for several years; speed the simulation up if you wish.
-
- >>Orbital Simulation
- The Simulation Nature of Dance
-
- Dance is an orbital simulator. This means that whenever you are viewing the
- Dance heavens, the program is constantly calculating the gravitational effects
- that the various bodies have on one another and moving them accordingly. In the
- program `real' distances, masses and velocities are operating according to
- Newtonian gravitation in three dimensional space, and the results are scaled
- and transformed to the two dimensions of your screen. Dance is a detailed work-
- ing model of the solar system that can not only show views and events that are
- calculable, but also simulate perturbations and other complex multiple-bodied
- orbital interactions that are generally not. Being able to predict orbit-
- changing encounters of the past and future is an exciting and unique aspect of
- Dance. With the full database of asteroids and comets you can discover events
- and causes that very likely no one else knows about.
-
- The next simulation shows an interesting future event with comet Kojima that
- many know about now because its been used as a Dance example on many occasions.
- Comet Kojima was discovered in 1970, has a period of nearly eight years, and
- has been very regular for the previous three apparitions. During the encounter,
- simulation will slow as Dance performs more calculations to maintain accuracy.
- The strongest change to the comet's orbit will be an increase of inclination to
- the ecliptic plane. You may slow speed to 2000-5000 for better accuracy. [PgDn]
-
- >>Comet Futures
- SM>1>09/01/1995>10k>8>-35>90>111111000>00000000000010000000>
- A STRONG PERTURBATION Kojima's orbit, like most periodic comets, is chaotic.
- Simulation reveals a strong orbit-changing Jupiter encounter during 1996-1997.
- Result: an earlier, brighter apparition. Encounter distance (in planet radii)
- will appear upper left. Jupiter's outermost satellites are out about 320 radii.
-
- >>Bright Asteroids
- SM>1>09/20/1990>5k>8>-90>90>111110000>11111000000000000000>
- BRIGHT ASTEROIDS Ceres is the largest; nearly 1000 km diameter. Only Vesta is
- ever brighter than mag 6. Change Latit from Menu to 10°S (select, cursor and
- [Enter] twice). Note orbit of Pallas. Object Status shows location/ magnitudes
- for the date. Vernal equinox direction (0° Longitude) is shown at 90° N/S Lat.
-
- >>Asteroids in the Sky
- EM>1>03/01/1989>2k>0.5>-10>270>111111110>00111000000000000000>
- ASTEROIDS IN A STARRY SKY Looking towards Sagittarius from Earth in 1989.
- The motion and paths of several bodies are seen. Watch the epicycles through
- 1989. Planet coordinates are on the (A)ccess screen; asteroid position/magn on
- the Object Status screen. In June-July Vesta was at maximum brightness.
-
- >>Asteroid 1989FC
- SM>1>02/01/1989>200k>64>-20>45>111110000>00000000001000000000>
- 1989 FC - A CLOSE ASTEROID Our closest known brush with an asteroid, 400,000
- miles, occurred in March 1989. Though small, 1989FC would have caused havoc had
- it struck. Dim and fast moving, Earth-crossers are hard to find. You can check
- out dozens in DANCE. Note date and minimum distance (Earth radii) for 1989FC.
-
- >>Orbital Resonances
- Orbital Resonances
-
- Asteroids with periods that are a simple ratio to Jupiter's are regularly
- perturbed by it. Resonances have depopulated the Kirkwood gaps, but resonances
- with ratios near one can provide an island of orbital stability. These `island'
- resonances provide one classification for Asteroids. Trojan asteroids, with a
- ratio of 1:1, essentially share Jupiter's orbit. This is the Lagrangian reson-
- ance with the asteroid nominally 60° ahead or behind Jupiter. There are over
- 100 known. Hildas are another large group with 3:2 resonances.
-
- Resonances are also found among the satellites of the Jovian planets. The
- Galilean satellites have period ratios very nearly 1:2:3:4 (check the Access
- information screen for Jupiter when in Planet Mode). Like the hands of a clock,
- they have regular `meeting places'. The Saturnian system is full of resonances;
- and only there are satellites found with Lagrangian (co-orbital) resonances.
-
- When you have the Saturn system on the screen in some of the following simul-
- ations, press [A]ccess to see satellite information. Note the periods for co-
- orbital satellites and other resonances. Return to the simulation with [Esc].
-
- >>Tuned Asteroids
- SM>1>07/01/1987>20k>8>-90>270>000010000>00000111000000000000>
- ASTEROID RESONANCES - LIVING WITH JUPITER (inner planets are off for speed)
- Some stable resonances. Shown: Hilda, the first 3:2 resonance found; Achilles,
- the first 1:1 Trojan asteroid. Thule, the only known 4:3, is rather strongly
- perturbed every 3 Jupiter (36 Earth) years. Watch through 2018.
-
- >>Tuned Satellites
- Saturn>1>07/01/1990>5k>4k>-70>35>00000000000001100>
- SATELLITE RESONANCES ** Toggle orbits on/off to see Hyperion. Slow down?
- With a 3:4 resonance, Hyperion receives a kick from larger Titan every three
- revolutions causing precession of its eccentric orbit. Refresh with (E)rase to
- see current paths. Inner satellites are off for speed.
-
- >>Solar Precession
- Saturn>1>07/01/2005>20K>512>-90>270>00000000000000001>
- The Sun causes relatively rapid orbital precession for Saturn's Phoebe and the
- outer 8 Jupiter satellites. As these weakly-bound bodies move toward the Sun,
- they accelerate, expanding the orbit slightly. The effect reverses as they move
- away. Watch this produce a precession of Phoebe's periapse. Note Sun direction.
-
- >>Doing Orbital Experiments
- Doing Orbital Experiments
-
- Orbital elements of real or hypothetical objects orbiting the Sun can be
- placed in a text file and loaded into Dance. On the next screen you will see
- four hypothetical objects with the same period but with very different eccen-
- tricities. Such examples can vividly illustrate basic principles of orbital
- mechanics. An introduction to the basic theory, along with simulation examples,
- can be found in the Dance manual.
-
- Examples of other enlightening experiments: 1) using hypothetical objects to
- see whether regularly spaced, nearly circular orbits between the Jovian planets
- are stable. 2) How, with a `primordial' distribution of asteroids (near-circu-
- lar and regularly spaced), the Kirkwood gaps arise. Such experiments involve a
- lot of objects and time. A reasonably fast PC with coprocessor is recommended.
- Very long simulations can be saved in Resume files and run over several nights.
-
- >>Orbital Experiments
- SM>1>->10k>8>-90>90>000000000>00000000000000001111>
- Four hypothetical objects with the same period. Note the semimajor axes are the
- same, as expected from basic orbital theory (the period is determined solely by
- the semimajor axis and mass). High speed simulation error is also illustrated.
- SP4 precesses due to too few calculations as it zips through perihelion.
-
- >>The Complete Solar System
- Dance - The Complete Solar System
-
- In the above presentation you have seen a small sampling from what is prob-
- ably the most complete, detailed, dynamic solar system model ever created.
- Perhaps you found some terminology and phenomena with which you aren't yet
- familiar. This shouldn't bother you in the least; Dance can be enjoyed at many
- levels and for many purposes, and its a great way to learn and instruct.
-
- Dance is a graphical working model of the solar system for anyone with the
- interest and curiosity in the family of objects that orbit our sun. With Dance:
- Observe the `dance' of planets, asteroids and comets against the starry sky.
- View the planets and their satellites from exotic and revealing perspectives.
- Watch comets being flung into new future orbits. Check out asteroids that can
- pass close to Earth. Use Plot Asteroid to see the fascinating distribution of
- 4200+ asteroids on the date you have just entered (something we couldn't do in
- the demo), or use it to identify an asteroid you have found in your telescope.
- Plan an evening's observing agenda, or a season's. Discover special future
- viewing opportunities for planets, satellites, comets and asteroids. Enter the
- orbital elements of a newly discovered asteroid or comet and see where it has
- been, and where it can be found. Design and run orbital experiments to eluci-
- date orbital phenomena and processes. It goes on and on. Never before has the
- solar system been so accessible.
-
- >>Ordering and Updates Info
- Ordering and Updates
-
- DANCE OF THE PLANETS, version 1.3, is available for $165 plus shipping from:
-
- A.R.C. Software
- P.O. Box 1974D
- Loveland, CO 80539
-
- For information or ordering call 1-303-663-3223. MC/VISA accepted as well as
- authorized purchased orders. Postage paid on domestic orders paying by check or
- money order. Foreign orders must be prepaid (charge cards accepted) and include
- $25 for shipping and handling.
-
- Version 1.5 is scheduled for March, 1990. Among the many new features:
-
- * Properly scaled telescopic views from Earth with detailed images of the
- inner planets.
- * A large stellar/non-stellar database with supporting features (constellation
- lines and labels, a FIND and object information facility, etc.).
- * Planet-centered views of close encounters with comets and asteroids.
-
- 1.5 with the extended data bases will be $195 plus postage, and a $75 upgrade
- for owners of version 1.3 and earlier. Inquire as to availability and a special
- pre-release offer. Club, institution, dealer and distributor inquires welcomed.
-
- >>End
- SM>1>->100>0.5>-10>270>111111111>00000000000000000000>
- This is the end of the demo. Press [Home] for demo contents. Or put some aster-
- oids in the simulator that you haven't seen yet: Press [A]ccess, select Object
- Status. Toggle Hidalgo and Icarus on and [Esc] back to the simulator. At the
- time of their discovery these were the farthest and closest to the Sun.
-